References

Supplements:

Acetyl-L-Carnitine

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Acetyl-l-Carnitine: Brain energizer, 1998; 193-195.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Acetyl-L-Carnitine, 45-46. Bodis-Wollner, I., et al., Journal of Neural Transmission, 1991; 3:63-72.
Kuratsune, H., et al., Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1994; 18 (suppl. 1): S62-S67. Null, Gary, Ultimate Anti-Aging Program, Acetyl-L-Carnitine; 1999; 154-156.
Pettegrew, J.W., et al., Neurobiology of Aging, 1995; 16(1): 1-4. Salvioli, G., Drugs in Experimental Clinical Research, 1994; 20: 169-76.

Alpha-Lipoic Acid

Ando H, Ryu A, Hashimot A, Oka M, Ichihashi M. Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid lightens ultraviolet-induced hyperpigmentation of the skin. Arch Dermatol Res. 1998;290:375-381.
Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Lipoic Acid: Proven diabetic treatment, 1998; 251-253.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Alpha-Lipoic Acid, 51-52.
Billeaud C, Bougle D, Sarda P, et al.. Effects of preterm infant formula supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid with a linoleate/alpha-linoleate ration of 6. Eur J Clin Nutr. August 1997;51:520-527.
de Lorgeril M, Renaud S, Mamelle N, et al. Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet. 1994;343:1454-1459.
DeDeckere EA, Korver O, Verschuren PM, Katan MB. Health aspects of fish and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant and marine origin. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998;52:749-753.
Edwards R, Peet M, Shay J, Horrobin D. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in the diet and in red blood cell membranes of depressed patients. J Affect Disord. 1998;48:149-155.
Ensminger AH, Ensminger ME, Konlande JE, Robson JRK. Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, Inc; 1994;1:684-708.
Ferretti A, Flanagan VP. Antithromboxane activity of dietary alpha-linolenic acid. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1996;54:451-455.
Freese R, Mutanen M. Alpha-linolenic acid and marine long-chain n-3 fatty acids differ only slightly in their effects on hemostatic factors in healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66:591-598.
Frolich, L., et al., Drug Research, 1995; 45(1): 443-46.
Garrison Jr RH, Somer E. The Nutrition Desk Reference. 3rd ed. New Canaan, Conn: Keats Publishing, Inc; 1995:23-64.
Haas EM. Staying Healthy with Nutrition. Berkley, Calif: Celestial Arts Publishing; 1992:65-79.
Hamdorf, G., Experimental Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes, 1995; 104: 126-27.
Harris WS. N-3 fatty acids and serum lipoproteins: human studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65(10):1645S.
Hrboticky N, Zimmer B, Weber PC. Alpha-Linolenic acid reduces the lovastatin-induced rise in arachidonic acid and elevates cellular and lipoprotein eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid levels in Hep G2 cells. J Nutr Biochem. 1996;7:465-471.
Integrative Medicine Communications, Access 2.0; Alpha Lipoic Acid, Overview, 2000.
Mantzioris E, James MJ, Gibson RA, Cleland LG. Dietary subsitutions with an alpha-linolenic acid-rich vegetable oil increases eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations in tissues. Am J Clin Nutr.1994;59:1304-1309.
Murray MT. Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements. Rocklin, Calif: Prima Publishing; 1996:239-278.
Nestel PJ, Pomeroy SE, Sasahara T, et al. Arterial compliance in obese subjects is improved with dietary plant n-3 fatty acid from flaxseed oil despite increased LDL oxidizability. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997;17:1163-1170.
Newstrom H., Nutrients Catalog. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co; 1993:103-105.
Packer, L., et al., Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 1995; 19(2): 227-50.
Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; 1999:90-92, 1377-1378.
Simon JA, Fong J, Bernert JT Jr, Browner WS. Serum fatty acids and the risk of stroke. Stroke. 1995;26:778-782.
Voskuil DW, Feskens EJM, Katan MB, Kromhout D. Intake and sources of alpha-linolenic acid in Dutch elderly men. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996;50:784-787.
Wagner W, Nootbaar-Wagner U. Prophylactic treatment of migraine with gamma-linolenic and alpha-linolenic acids. Cephalalgia. April 1997;17:127-130.
Wapnir RA. Copper absorption and bioavailability. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67:1054S.
Werbach MR. Nutritional Influences on Illness. 2nd ed. Tarzana, Calif: Third Line Press; 1993:13-22; 655-671.
Wickramasinghe, S.N., and R. Hasan, Biochemical Pharmacology, 1992; 43(3): 407-11.
Yehuda S, Rabinovitz S, Carasso RL, Mostofsky DI. Fatty acids and brain peptides. Peptides. 1998;19:407-419.
Ziegler, D., et al., Diabetische Stoffwechsel, 1993; 2: 443-48. Ziegler, D., et al., Diabetologica, 1995; 38: 1425-33.

Arginine

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Arginine: Immune Booster, 1998; 164-167.
Azzara, A., et al., Drugs in Experimental and Clinical Research, 1995; 21(2): 71-78.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000;
Arginine, 44. Cestaro, B., Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 1994; 154: 32-41.
Drexler, H., et al., Lancet, 1991; 1546-50.
Green, S., Nature Medicine, 1995; 1(6): 515-17.
Hurson, M., et al., Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 1995; 19(3): 227-30.
International Journal of Impotence Research, 1994; 6: 33-36.
Koifman, B., et al., Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Nov. 1, 1995; 26(5): 1251-56.
Korbonits, M., et al., European Journal of Endocrinology, 1996; 135: 543-47.
Loscalzo, J., New England Journal of Medicine, 1995; 333(4): 251-53. Mindell, Earl; Vitamin Bible, Arginine; 1991; 110-111.
Park, K., Lancet, 1991; 337:645-46.
Snyder, S., et al., Scientific American, 1992; 266(5): 68-77.
Steed, D., et al., Diabetes Care, 1995; 18(1): 39-46.
Wolf, A., et al., Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1997; 29:479-85.

Beta-1,3-Glucan

Ber, Lenoid, M.D., Beta-1, 3-D-glucan: The skin connection, Nature's Impact, IMPAKT Communications, Inc. 1999.
Browder W., et al., Synergric Effect of Nonspecific Immunostimulation and Antibiotics in Experimental Peritonitis, Surgery 102: 2 (August 1987), 206-214.
Browder, W., et al., Beneficial Effects of Enhanced Macrophage Function in the Trauma Patient, Annals of Surgery 211:5 (May 1990), 605-612. Carrow, Donald J., M.D., B-1,3-Glucan as a Primary Immune Activator, Townsend Letter for Doctors & Patients (June 1996), 86-91.
Mansell, P.W. et al., Macrophage-Mediated Destruction of Human Malignant Cells in Vivo, Journal of the National Cancer Institute 54-3 (March 1975), 571-80.
Meira, D.A. et al., The use of Glucan as Immunostimulant in the Treatment of Paracocridiodomycosis, American Journal of Topical Medicine and Hygiene 55:5 (November 1996), 496-503.
Parchen, M.L., Glucan: Mechanism involved in its Radioprotective Efect, Journal of Leukocye Biology 42:2 (August 1987), 95-105.
Parchen, M.L., Stimulated Hemopoesis and Enhanced Survival Folowing Glucan Treatment in Sublethally and Lethally Iraddiated Mice, International Journal of Immunoplasmaclogy 7:6 (1983), 923-32.

Biotin

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Biotin: Diabetes Benefactor, 1998; 90.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, third edition; Biotin, 2000; 18. Houchman, L., Cutis, 1993; 51:303-37.
Integrative Medicine Communications, Access 2.0, Overview, Biotin; 2000.
Koutsikos, D., et al., Biomedical Pharmacotherapy, 1990; 44: 511-14.
Maebashi, M., et al., Journal of Clinical Biochemical Nutrition, 1993; 14: 211-18.

Boron

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Boron: Sex hormone and bone provider; 1998; 157-159.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Boron, 25-26.
Travers, R. L., et al., Journal of Nutritional Medicine, 1990; 1: 127-32.

Branched-Chain Amino Acids

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine (Branched-chain Amino Acids): Muscle fuel, 1998; 187-188.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Isoleucine, Leucine, Valine, 49; 52.
Grant, J., Annals of Surgery, 1994; 220: 610-16.
Louard, R.J., et al., Metabolism, April 1995; 44(4): 424-29.

Calcium

Arbman, G., et al., Cancer, April 15, 1992; 69(8): 2042-48.
Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Calcium: Bone builder 1998; 116-118.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; Calcium; 2000; 26.
Balfour JA, Wiseman LR. Moxifloxacin. Drugs. 1999;57(3):363-374. See also: Brouwers JR. Drug interactions with quinolone antibacterials. Drug Safety. 1992;7(4):268-281. See also: Campbell NR, Hasinoff BB. Iron supplements: a common cause of drug interactions. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;31(3):251-255.
Coburn JW MD, Mischel MG MD, Goodman WG MD, et al. Calcium citrate markedly enhances aluminum absorption from aluminum hydroxide. Amer J Kidney Dis. 1991;17(6):708-711.
Gallagher JC, Riggs BL, DeLuca HF. Effect of estrogen on calcium absorption and serum vitamin D metabolites in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1980;51(6):1359-1364.
Garland, C.F., et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1991; 54:193S-201S.
Gugler R, Allgayer H. Effects on antacids on the clinical pharmacokinetics of drugs. An update. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1990;18(3): 210-219.
Haft JJ, Habbab MA. Treatment of atrial arrhythmias. Effectiveness of verapamil when preceeded by calcium infusion. Arch Intern Med. 1986; 146(6):1085-1089. See also: Weiss AT, Lewis BS, Halon DA, Hasin Y, Gotsman MS. The use of calcium with verapamil in the management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Int J Cardiol. 1983;4(3):275-284.
Hines Burnham T, et al, eds. Drug Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO:Facts and Comparisons; 2000.
Hines Burnham T, et al, eds. Drug Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO:Facts and Comparisons; 2000. See also: Li RC, Lo KN, Lam JS, et al. Effects of order of magnesium exposure on the postantibiotic effect and bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin. J Chemother. 1999;11(4):243-247.
Institute of Medicine. Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. Dietary Reference Intakes: Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1997.
Institute of Medicine. Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. Dietary Reference Intakes: Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1997.
Integrative Medicine Communications, Access 2.0, Calcium, Overview; 2000.
Kara M, Hasinoff BB, McKay DW, et al. Clinical and chemical interactions between iron preparations and ciprofloxacin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;31(3):257-261.
Kirch W, Schäfer-Korting M, Axthelm T, et al. Interaction of atenolol with furosemide and calcium and aluminum salts. Clin Pharm and Ther. 1981;30(4):429-435.
Leppla D, Browne R, Hill K, Pak C. Effect of amiloride with or without hydrochlorothiazide on urinary calcium and saturation of calcium salts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983;57(5):920-924.
Lobo RA, Roy S, Shoupe D, et al. Estrogen and progestin effects on urinary calcium and calciotropic hormones in surgically-induced postmenopausal women. Horm Metab Res. 1985;17(7):370-373.
Mindell, Earl; Vitamin Bible, 50. Calcium; 1991; 69.
Neuvonen PJ. Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines. Drugs. 1976;11(1):45-54.
Nolan CR, DeGoes JJ, Alfrey AC. Aluminum and lead absorption from dietary sources in women ingesting calcium citrate. South Med J. 1994;8(9):894-898.
Osborne, C., et al., Nutritional Review, 1996; 54: 365-81. See also: Bucher, H. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1996; 275; 1016-22.
Physicians' Desk Reference, PDR. 52nd ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company; 1998.
Pines A, Katchman H, Villa Y, et al. The effect of various hormonal preparations and calcium supplementation on bone mass in early menopause. Is there a predictive value for the initial bone density and body weight? J Intern Med. 1999;246(4):357-361.
Reid, I. R., et al., American Journal of Medical Sciences, 1996; 312:278-86.
Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L, Andreasen F. Diuretics and osteoporosis. Nord Med. 1998 Feb;113(2):53-59.
Sakhaee K, Nicar M, Glass K, Zerwekh J, Pak C. Reduction in intestinal calcium absorption by hydrochlorothiazide in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1984;59(6):1037-1043.
Sanchez-Ramos, L., et al., Obstetrics and Gynecology, June 1995; 85(6): 915-18.
Schneider M, Valentine S, Clarke GM, Newman MA, Peacock J. Acute renal failure in cardiac surgical patients, potentiated by gentamicin and calcium. Anaesth Intens Care. 1996;24(6):647-650.
Sonnenblick M, Abraham AS, Meshulam Z, Eylath U. Correlation between manifestations of digoxin toxicity and serum digoxin, calcium, potassium, and magnesium concentrations and arterial pH. Br Med J. 1983;286(6371):1089-1091.
Toss, G., Journal of Internal Medicine, 1992; 231: 181-86.
Weiss AT, Lewis BS, Halon DA, Hasin Y, Gotsman MS. The use of calcium with verapamil in the management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Int J Cardiol. 1983;4(3):275-284.

L-Carnitine

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Carnitine: A fat-burner, 1998; 191-193.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; L-Carnitine, 45-46.
Singh, R. B., et al., Postgraduate Medical Journal, 1995; 71.
Cerretelli, P., et al., International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1990; 11:1-4.
Giamberardino, M.A., International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1996; 17: 320-24.
Cederblad, G., et al., Scandinavian Journal of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, 1976; 36: 547-52.
Alberts DS, Peng YM, Moon TE, Bressler R. Carnitine prevention of adriamycin toxicity in mice. Biomed. 1978;29(8):265-268.
Brass EP, Hiatt WR. The role of carnitine and carnitine supplementation during exercise in man and in individuals with special needs. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998;17:207-215.
Chavez GA, Hernandez IM, Ollarve CF, Natera YM. Myocardial protection by L-carnitine in children treated with adriamycin. Rev Lat Cardiol. 1997;18:208-214.
De Vivo DC, Bohan TP, Coulter DL, et al. L-Carnitine supplementation in childhood epilepsy: current perspectives. Epilepsia. 1998;39:1216-1225.
Elisaf M, Bairaaktari E, Katopodis K, et al. Effect of L-Carnitine supplementation on lipid parameters in hemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol. 1998;18:416-421.
Haas EM. Staying Healthy with Nutrition. Berkley, California: Celestial Arts Publishing; 1992:65-79. Kelly GS. L-Carnitine: therapeutic applications of a conditionally-essential amino acid. Alt Med Rev. 1998;3:345-60.
Murray MT. Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements. Rocklin, Calif: Prima Publishing; 1996:283-295.
Murray MT, Pizzorno JE. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine. 2nd ed. Rocklin, Calif: Prima Publishing; 1996:206, 216, 246-247, 424, 505-506, 584.
Newstrom H: Nutrients Catalog. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., Inc.; 1993:103-105.
Plioplys AV, Plioplys S. Amantadine and L-carnitine treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuropsychobiology. 1997;35(1):16-23.
Sayed-Ahmed MM, Shaarawy S, Shouman SA, Osman AM. Reversal of doxorubicin-induced cardiac metabolic damage by L-carnitine. Pharmacol Res. 1999;39(4):289-295.
Semino-Mora MC, Leon-Monzon ME, Dalakas MC. Effect of L-carnitine on the zidovudine-induced destruction of human myotubes. Part I: L-carnitine prevents the myotoxicity of AZT in vitro. Lab Invest. 1994;71(1):102-112.
Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; 1999: 90-92; 1377-1378.
Werbach MR. Nutritional Influences on Illness. 2nd ed. Tarzana, Calif: Third Line Press; 1993:13-22, 655-671.
Reitz, V., et al., American Journal of Cardiology, March 1990; 755-60.
Kobayashi, A., et al., Japanese Circulation Journal, Jan. 1992; 56: 86-94.
Arduini, A., American Heart Journal, June 1992; 123(6): 1726-27.
Integrative Medicine Communications, Access 2.0; Carnitine, Overview, 2000. Rebouche, C.J., et al., Annual Review of Nutrition, 1986; 6: 41-66.
Cetyl Myristoleate (CMO) Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Cetyl Myristoleate: The real arthritis cure, 1998; 221-222.
Barney, Paul, Doctor's Guide to Natural Medicine, 1998; 83.
Diehl, H. W., and E. L. May, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1994; 83(3): 296-99.

Choline

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Choline And Lecithin: Nerve Nutrition, 1998; 78-80.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; Choline; 2000; 18.
Canty, D., Nutrition Reviews, 1994; 52(10): 327-39.
Mindell, Earl; Vitamin Bible, Choline, Facts; 1991; 47-49.

Chondroitin

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Chondroitin Sulfate: How joints get well, 1998; 274-275.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Chondroitin, 83.
Barney, Paul, Doctor's Guide to Natural Medicine, 1998; 83.
Bradford, R., et al., Bradford Research Institute, Chula Vista, Calif., 1992. Oliverieri, U., et al., Drugs in Experimental and Clinical Research, 1991; 17(1): 45.
Pipitone, V., Drugs in Experimental and Clinical Research, 1991; 17(1): 3.

Chromium

Anderson, R., American Diabetes Association 56th Scientific Session, June 9, 1996; San Francisco.
Anderson, R., et al., Diabetes, 1996; 45 (supp.2): 124A/454.
Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Chromium: Blood Sugar balancer; 1998; 145-148.
Bahadori, B., et al., International Journal of Obesity, 1995; 19: 38.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; Chromium; 2000; 27.
Barney, Paul, Doctor's Guide to Natural Medicine, Chromium: Safety; 1998; 38.
Davis ML, Seaborn CD, Stoecker BJ. Effects of over-the counter drugs on 51 chromium retention and urinary excretion in rats. Nutr Res. 1995;15:201-210.
Evans, G. W., Nutrition Report, Oct.-Nov. 1989; 7(10-11): 73, 81.
Evans, G., et al., FASEB Journal, 1995; 9:525. Hallmark, M., et al., Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1993; 25:S101.
Integrative Medicine Communications, Access 2.0, Chromium ,Overview; 2000.
McCarty MF. Complementary measures for promoting insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Med Hypotheses. 1998;51(6):451-464.
Ravina A, Slezack L. Chromium in the treatment of clinical diabetes mellitus. Harefuah. 1993;125(5-6):142-145,191.
Seaborn CD, Stoecker BJ. Effects of antacid or ascorbic acid on tissue accumulation and urinary excretion of chromium-51. Nutr Res. 1990;10:1401-1408.

Vitamin Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone)

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone): The vital nutrient:1998; 246.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; Coenzyme Q10, 2000; 23-24.
Digiesi, V., et al., Current Therapeutic Research, 1992; 51(5): 668-72.
Folkers, K., and Y. Yamamura, eds., Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of CoEnzyme Q10, 1984; 4: 369-73.
Greenburg, S., and W. H. Frishman, Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1990; 30: 596-608.
Integrative Medicine Communications, Access 2.0, Coenzyme Q10, Overview; 2000.
Landbo C, Almdal TP. [Interaction between warfarin and coenzyme Q10 (see comments)]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1998;160(22):3225-3227.
Mohr, D., et al., Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1992; 1126: 247-54.
Mortensen, S.A., et al., Clinical Investigator, 1993; 71: S116-S123.
Mortensen, S.A., et al.; Baggio, E, et al.; Lampertico, M., et al., Clinical Investigator, 1993; 71: S129-S149.
Shimora, Y., et al., Japanese Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1981; 58: 1349-53.
Spigset O. Reduced effect of warfarin caused by ubidecarenone. The Lancet. 1994;344:1372-1373. Zhou Q, Chan E. Accuracy of repeated blood sampling in rats: A new technique applied in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies of the interaction between warfarin and Co-enzyme Q10. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 1998;40(4):191-199.

Copper

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Copper: Rheumatoid arthritis reliever; 1998; 137-139.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; Copper; 2000; 28.
Conlan, D., et al., Age and Aging, 1990; 19:212-14.
Dorea JG, Ferraz E, Queiroz EF. [Effects of anovulatory steroids on serum levels of zinc and copper]. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1982;32(1):101-110.
Kelley, D.S., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1995; 62: 412-16.
Kishore V., Effects of copper aspirinate and aspirin on tissue copper, zinc, and iron concentrations following chronic oral treatment in the adjuvant arthritic rat. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1990;25:123-136.
Klein D, Lichtmannegger J, Heinzmann U, et al. Dissolution of copper-rich granules in hepatic lysomes by D-penicillamine prevents the development of fulminant hepatitis in Long-Evans cinnamon rats. J Hepatol. 2000 Feb; 32(2):193-201.
Malkiel S, Har el R, Schwalb H, et al. Interaction between allopurinol and copper: possible role in myocardial protection. Free Radic Res Commun. 1993; 18(1):7-15.
Medieros, D.M., Nutrition Report, 1993; 89:96.
Miche H, Brumas V, Berthon G. Copper(II) interactions with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. II. Anthranilic acid as a potential. OH-inactivating ligand. J Inorg Biochem. 1997 Oct;68(1):27-38.
Naveh Y, Weis P, Chung HR, et al. Effect of cimetidine on tissue distribution of some trace elements and minerals in the rat. J Nutr. 1987;117:1576-1587.
Sorenson, J., et al., in Progress in Medicinal Chemistry, 1989, Ellis and West, eds.; New York: Elsevier, 26. Vaughn, V. J., et al., Mycopathologica, 1978; 64(1): 39-42.

Creatine

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Creatine: What muscles are made of, 1998; 260-261.
Bosco C, et al. Effect of oral creatine supplementation on jumping and running performance. Int J Sports Med. 1997;18:369-372.
Chambers, D., et al., Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 1996; 61(1): 67-75.
Dawson, B., et al., Australian Journal, Science Medicine for Sport, 1995; 27(3): 56-61.
Earnets CP, Almada AL; Mitchell TL. High-performance capillary electrophoresis: pure creatine monohydrate reduces blood lipids in men and women. Clin Sci. 1996;91:113-118.
Field, M., Cardiovascular Research, 1996; 31: 174-75.
Grenhaff, P., British Journal of Sports Medicine, 1996; 30: 276-81.
Grindstaff PD, et al. Effects of creatine supplementation on repetitive sprint performance and body composition in competitive swimmers. Int J Sport Nutr. 1997;7:330-346.
Integrative Medicine Communications, Access 2.0; Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Overview, 2000.
Juhn MS, Tarnopolsky M. 1998. Potential side effects of oral creatine supplementation: a critical review. Clin J Sport Med. 1998;8:298-304.
Juhn MS, Tarnopolsky M. Oral creatine supplementation and athletic performance: a critical review. Clin J Sport Med. 1994;8:286-297.
Kreider RB, Ferreira M, et al. Effects of creatine supplementation on body composition, strength and sprint performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30(1):73-82.
Kreider RB, Rasmussen C, Ransom J, Almada AL. Effects of creatine supplementation during training on the incidence of muscle cramping, injuries and GI distress. Presented at the National Strength and Conditioning Association Convention; June 24-28, 1998; Nashville, Tenn. Accessed at www.eas.com/research/creatine/0698.html on February 21, 1999.
Lawrence SR, et al. The effect of oral creatine supplementation on maximal exercise performance in competitive rowers. Sports Med Training Rehab. 1997;7:243-253.
McNaughton LR, Dalton B, Tarr J. The effects of creatine supplementation on high­intensity exercise performance in elite performers. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1998;78:236-240.
Miller, E., et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1993; 90(8): 3304-08.
Odland LM, et al. Effect of oral creatine supplementation on muscle [PCr] and short-term maximum power output. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997;29:216-219.
Poortmans JR, et al. Effect of short-term creatine supplementation on renal responses in men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1997;76:566-567.
Prevost MC, Nelson AG, Morris GS. Creatine supplementation enhances intermittent work performance. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1997;68:233-240.
Schneider DA, et al. Creatine supplementation and the total work performed during 15-s and 1-min bouts of maximal cycling. Aust J Sci Med Sport. 1997;29:65-68.
Smith JC, et al. Effect of oral creatine ingestion on parameters of the work rate-time relationship and time to exhaustion in high-intensity cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1998;77:360-365.
Thompson CH, et al. Effect of creatine on aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in skeletal muscles in swimmers. Br J Sports Med. 1996;30:222-225.
Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed Ma Huang extract and creatine monohydrate for body building. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;68:100-126.
Vandebuerie F, Vanden Eynde B, Vandenberghe K, Hespel P, et al. Effects of creatine loading on endurance capacity and sprint power in cyclists. Int J Sports Med. 1998;19:490-495.
Vandenberghe K, et al. Caffeine counteracts the ergogenic action of muscle creatine loading. J Appl Physiol. 1996;80:452-457.
Vandenberghe K, et al. Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training. J Appl Physiol. 1997;83:2055-2063.
Volek JS, et al. Creatine supplementation enhances muscular performance during high-intensity resistance exercise. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97:765-770.
Werbach MR, Nutritional Influences on Illness: A Sourcebook of Clinical Research. New Canaan, Conn: Keats Publishing, Inc; 1988.

Cysteine

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Glutathione, N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC), 1998; 181-184.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; N-Acetyl-Cysteine, 46.
Gerster, H., Age and Aging, 1991; 20: 60.
Lombardini, J.B., Brain Research Reviews, 1991; 16: 151-69.
Millman, M., et al., Annals of Allergy, 1985; 54(4): 294-96.
Meyer, A., European Respiratory Journal, 1994; 7: 431-36.
Ardissino D, Merlini PA, Savonitto S, Demicheli G, et al. Effect of transdermal nitroglycerin or N-Acetylcysteine, or both, in the long-term treatment of unstable angina pectoris. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29(5):941-947.
Behr J, Maier K, Degenkolb B, Krombach F, Vogelmeier C. Antioxidative and clinical effects of high-dose N-acetylcysteine in fibrosing alveolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156:1897-1901. Borowitz JD, et al. Combined use of nitroglycerin and N-acetylcysteine in the management of unstable angina pectoris. Circulation. Apr 1988; 77(4): 787-794.
Braverman ER, Pfeiffer CC. The Healing Nutrients Within: Facts, Findings and New Research on Amino Acids. New Canaan: Keats Publishing, Inc.; 1987: 87-119.
Budavari S, O'Neil MJ, Heckelman PE, Kinneary JF, eds. The Merck Index. 12th ed. Whitehouse Station: Merck & Co., Inc.; 1996.
Carter EA. Enhanced acetaminophen toxicity associated with prior alcohol consumption in mice; prevention by N-acetylcysteine. Alcohol. Jan-Feb 1987; 4(1): 69-71.
Chirkov YY, Horowitz JD. N-Acetylcysteine potentiates nitroglycerin-induced reversal of platelet aggregation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1996;28(3):375-380.
Christman BW, Bernard GR. Antilipid mediator and antioxidant therapy in adult respiratory distress syndrome. New Horiz. Nov 1993; 1(4): 623-630.
D'Agostini F, Bagnasco M, Giunciuglio D, Albini A, De Flora S. Inhibition by oral N-acetylcysteine of doxorubicin-induced clastogenicity and alopecia, and prevention of primary tumors and lung micrometastases in mice. Int J Oncol. 1998;13:217-224.
Davreux CJ, et al. N-acetylcysteine attenuates acute lung injury in the rat. Shock. Dec 1997; 8(6): 432-438.
De Flora S, D'Agostini F, Masiello L, Giunciuglio D, Albini A. Synergism between N-Acetylcysteine and doxorubicin in the prevention of tumorigenicity and metastasis in murine models. Int J Cancer. 1996;67:842-848.
Doroshow JH, Locker GY, Ifrim I, Myers CE. Prevention of doxorubicin cardiac toxicity in the mouse by N-Acetylcysteine. J Clin Invest. 1981;68:1053-1064.
Flanagan RJ, et al. Use of N-acetycysteine in clinical toxicology. Am J Med. Sep 30 1991; 91(3C): 131S-139S.
Franceschini G, et al. Dose-related increase in HDL-cholesterol levels after N-acetylcysteine in man. Pharmacol Res. Oct-Nov 1993; 28(3): 213-218.
Hansen RM, Varma RR, Hanson GA. Gold induced hepatitis and pure red cell aplasia. Complete recovery after corticosteroid and N-Acetylcysteine therapy. J Rheumatol. 1991;18:1251-1253.
Hultberg B, et al. Plasma homocysteine and thiol compound fractions after oral administration of N-acetylcysteine. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. Oct 1994; 54(6): 417-422.
Iversen HK. N-Acetylcysteine enhances nitroglycerin-induced headache and cranial arterial responses. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1992;52:125-133.
Jackson IM, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of oral acetylcysteine (Fabrol) in chronic bronchitis: a double-blind placebo controlled study. J Int Med Res. 1984; 12(3): 198-206.
Marchetti G, et al. Use of N-acetylcysteine in the management of coronary artery diseases. Cardiologia. Jul 1999; 44(7): 633-637.
Miyajima A, Nakashima J, Tachibana M, Nakamura K, et al. N-Acetylcysteine modifies cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum-induced effects in bladder cancer cells. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1999; 90:565-570.
Murray MT, Pizzorno J. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine 2nd ed. Rocklin: Prima Publishing; 1998: 455-458, 558-563, 818-825.
Orten JM, Neuhaus OW. Human Biochemistry. 10th ed. St. Louis: The C.V Mosby Company; 1982: 721-723.
Pelle E, et al. Protection against cigarette smoke-induced damage to intact transformed rabbit corneal cells by N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Cell Biol Toxicol. Aug 1998; 14(4): 253-259.
Perry HE, Shannon MW. Efficacy of oral versus intravenous N-acetylcysteine in acetaminophen ovedose:results of an open-label, clinical trial. J Pediatr. Jan 1998;132(1): 149-152.
Pizzulli, L, Hagendorff A, Zirbes M, Jung W, Lüderitz B. N-Acetylcysteine attenuates nitroglycerin tolerance in patients with angina pectoris and normal left ventricular function. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:28-33.
Roederer M, et al. N-acetylcysteine: a new approach to anti-HIV therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Feb 1992; 8(2): 209-217.
Ruiz FJ, Salom MG, Ingles AC, Quesada T, et al. N-acetyl-L-cysteine potentiates depressor response to captopril and enalaprilat in SHRs. Am J Physiol. 1994; 267(36):R767-R772.
Smilkstein MJ, et al. Efficacy of oral N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Analysis of the national multicenter study (1976 to 1985). N Engl J Med. Dec 15 1988; 319(24): 1557-1562.
Stavem K. Anaphylactic reaction to N-acetylcysteine after poisoning with paracetamol. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. May 30 1997; 117(14): 2038-2039.
Suárez C, Del Arco C, Lahera V, Ruilope LM. N-Acetylcysteine potentiates the antihypertensive effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors [letter]. Am J Hypertens. 1995;8:859-861.
Svendsen JH, Klarlund K, Aldershvile J, Waldorff S. N-Acetylcysteine modifies the acute effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate in angina pectoris patients evaluated by exercise testing. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1989;13:320-323.
van Hoogdalem EJ, van den Hoven WE, Terpstra IJ, van Zijtveld J, Verschoor, JSC. Nail penetration of the antifungal agent oxiconazole after repeated topical application in healthy volunteers, and the effect of acetylcysteine. Eur J Pharm Sci. 1997;5:119-127.
Walters MT, et al.. A double-blind, cross-over, study of oral N-acetylcysteine in Sjogren's syndrome. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1986; 61: 253-258.
Integrative Medicine Communications, Access 2.0; Cysteine, Overview, 2000.

DHEA

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, DHEA: The mother hormone, 1998; 277-80.
Ebeling, P., et al., Lancet, 1994; 343: 1470-81.
Van Vollenhoven, R., et al., Arthritis and Rheumatism, 1994; 37: 1305-10.
Wilder, R. L., Journal of Rheumatology, 11996; 23(suppl. 44): 10-22.
Newcomer, L., et al., American Journal of Epidemiology, 1994; 140: 80-75.
Wolkowitz, O., et al., Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1995; 774: 337-39.
Balch JF, Balch PA. Prescription for Nutritional Healing. 2nd ed. Garden City Park, NY: Avery Publishing; 1997:544-555.
Klann RC, Holbrook CT, Nyce JW. Chemotherapy of murine colorectal carcinoma with cisplatin and cisplatin plus 3'- deoxy-3'- azidothymidine. Anticancer Res. 1992;12:781-788.
Melchior CL, Ritzmann RF. Dehydroepiandrosterone enhances the hypnotic and hypothermic effects of ethanol and pentobarbital. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1992;43:223-227.
Meno-Tetang GML, Hon YY, Jusko WJ. Synergistic interaction between dehydroepiandrosterone and prednisolone in the inhibition of rat lymphocyte proliferation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1996;18(3):443-456.
Mindell E, Hopkins V., Prescriptions Alternatives. New Canaan, Conn: Keats Publishing; 1998:473-476.
Reynolds JE. Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 31st ed. London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society; 1996:1504.
Shealy CN. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Healing Remedies. Shaftesbury, England: Element Books; 1998:273.
Yang J, Schwartz A, Henderson EE. Inhibition of 3' axido-3' deoxythymidine-resistant HIV-1 infection by dehydroepiandrosterone in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994;201(3):1424-1432.
Gordon, G., et al., Cancer Research, March 1, 1991; 51: 1366-69.
Hata, T., et al., American Journal of Perinatology, March 1995; 12(2): 135-37.
Integrative Medicine Communications, Access 2.0; Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Overview, 2000.

Desiccated Liver

Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Desiccated Liver, 67.
Barney, Paul, Doctor's Guide to Natural Medicine, 1998; 84.

DMG

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, DMG (Dimethylglycine): Fatigue fighter, autism conqueror, 1998; 264-266.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Dimethylglycine (DMG), 67.
Freed, W.J., Archives of Neurology, 1984; 41(11): 1129-30.
Graber, C.D., et al., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1981; 143(1): 101-05.
Harpaz, M., et al., Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1985; 17(2): 287.
Rimland, B., Autism Research Review International, 1991; 5(2): 7.1994; 8(2): 6. 1996; 10(3): 7.
Roach, E., and L. Carlin, New England Journal of Medicine, 1982; 307: 1081-82.
Todd, G., Nutrition, Health, and Disease, 1985; Norfolk, Conn.: Donning.

DMSO

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, DMSO: The healing penetrant, 1998; 255-258.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 67-68.
Evans, M.S., et al., Neuroscience Letters, 1993; 150: 145-48.
Lockie, L., and B. Norcross, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1967; 141: 599-602.
Ravid, M., et al., Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 1982; 41: 587-92.
Salim, S., American Journal of Medical Sciences, 1990; 300(1): 1-6.
Scherbel, A., et al., Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1967; 141: 613-29.
Wein, A. J., et al., Urology Clinics of North America, Feb. 1994; 21(1): 153-61.

Enzymes

Ayers, S., Archives of Dermatology and Syphiology, 1929; 20: 854-57.
Bolivar, R., et al., Candidiasis, New York: Raven Press, 1985. Bray, G., Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 1931; 24: 181-97.
Giannella, R. A., et al, Annals of Internal Medicine, 1973; 78: 271-76. Howtiz, J., et al., Lancet, 1971; 1: 1331-35. Humbert, P., et al., Gut, 1994; 35(9): 1205-08.
Lechago, J., et al., Gastroenterology, 1993; 105: 1591-92.
Maver, R. W., On the Risk, 1991; 7(2). Oral Enzymes: Basic Information and Clinical Studies, 1992; Geretsried, Germany: Mucos Pharma and Co. Pizzorno, J., and M. Murray, Textbook of Natural Medicine, 1993; Bothell, Wash.: Bastyr University Press. Recker, R., New England Journal of Medicine, 1985; 313(2): 70-73.

EPA

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, The Omega 3S: The very good fats, 1998; 202-208.
Kromhout, D., et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 1985; 312: 1205-09. Siscovick, D., et al., Journal of the American Medical Association, 1995; 274: 1363-67.
Seidelin, K. N., et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1992; 55: 1117-19.
Booyens, J., and C. V. Van Der Merwe, South African Medical Journal, 1991; 79(4): 568.
Harris, W. S., et al., Ameican Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1990; 51: 1-28.
Harris, W. S., et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1997; 65: 16455-16545.
Simopoulos, A., Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 1997; 75: 234-39.
Radack, K., et al., Angiology, 1994; 45(12): 1023-31.
Vessby, B., and M. Boberg, Journal of Internal Medicine, 1990; 228: 165-71.
Brown, J. E., and K. W. J. Wahle, Clinica Chimica Acta, 1990; 193: 147-56.
Cave, W. T., Nutrition, 1996; 12: 530-41. Kromhout, D., Medical Oncology and Tumor Pharmacotherapy, 1990; 7(2-3): 173-76.
Zhu, Z. R., et al., Nutrition and Cancer, 1995; 24: 151-60.
Gogos, C. A., Cancer Detection and Prevention, 1995; 19: 415-17.
Mohan, I., and V. N. Das, Prostaglandins, Leukotrines and Essential Fatty Acids, 1997; 56: 193-98.
Stenson, W. F., et al., Annals of Internal Medicine, 1992; 116(8): 609-14.
Grimminger, F., et al., Clinical Investigator, 1993; 71: 634-43.
Van Der Heide, J. J., et al., Transplantation, 1992; 54(2): 257-63.
Scharschmidt, L., et al., Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 1990; 115: 405-14.
Donadio, J. V. Jr., Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 1991; 66: 1018-28.
Albert CM, Hennekens CH, O'Donnell CJ, et al. Fish consumption and risk of sudden cardiac death. JAMA. 1998;279(1):23-28.
Al-Harbi MM, Islam MW, Al-Shabanah OA, Al-Gharably NM. Effect of acute administration of fish oil (omega-3 marine triglyceride) on gastric ulceration and secretion induced by various ulcerogenic and necrotizing agents in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 1995;33(7):555-558.
Andreassen AK, Hartmann A, Offstad J, Geiran O, Kvernebo K, Simonsen S. Hypertension prophylaxis with omega-3 fatty acids in heart transplant recipients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29(6):1324-1331.
Angerer P, von Schacky C. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the cardiovascular system. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2000;11(1):57-63.
Badalamenti S, Salerno F, Lorenzano E, et al. Renal effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil in cyclosporine-treated liver transplant recipients. Hepatol. 1995;22(6):1695-1701.
Bonaa KH, Bjerve KS, Nordoy A. Docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids in plasma phospholipids are divergently associated with high density lipoprotein in humans. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992;12(6):675-681.
Carlson SE. Arachidonic acid status of human infants: influence of gestational age at birth and diets with very long chain n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. J Nutr. 1996;126(4 suppl);1092S-1098S.
Danno K, Sugie N. Combination therapy with low-dose etretinate and eicosapentaenoic acid for psoriasis vulgaris. J Dermatol. 1998;25(11):703-705.
Daviglus ML, Stamler J, Orencia AJ, et al. Fish consumption and the 30-year risk of fatal myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1997;336(15):1046-1053.
Foulon T, Richard MJ, Payen N, et al. Effects of fish oil fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins and oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in healthy subjects. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1999;59(4):239-248.
Franceschini G, Calabresi L, Maderna P, Galli C, Gianfranceschi G, Sirtori CR. Omega-3 fatty acids selectively raise high-density lipoprotein 2 levels in healthy volunteers. Metab. 1991;40(12):1283-1286.
Ganong WF. Review of Medical Physiology. 13th ed. East Norwalk, Conn: Appleton & Lange; 1987:229-261.
Gerster H. Can adults adequately convert alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1998;68(3);159-173.
Gerster H. The use of n-3 PUFAs (fish oil) in enteral nutrition. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1995;65(1):3-20.
Goodfellow J, Bellamy MF, Ramsey MW, Jones CJ, Lewis MJ. Dietary supplementation with marine omega-3 fatty acids improve systemic large artery endothelial function in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35(2):265-270.
Haw M, Linnebjerg H, Chavali SR, Forse RA. The effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on acute rejection and cardiac allograft blood flow in rats. Transplantation. 1995;60(6):570-577.
Homan van der Heide JJ, Bilo HJ, Tegzess AM, Donker AJ. The effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil on renal function in cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients. Transplantation. 1990;49(3):523-527.
Iacoviello K, Amore C, De Curtis A, et al. Modulation of fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion in humans by a combination of low-dose aspirin and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992;12(10):1191-1197.
Kooijmans-Coutinho MF, Rischen-Vos J, Hermans J, Arndt JW, van der Woude FJ. Dietary fish oil in renal transplant recipients treated with cyclosporin-A: no beneficial effects shown. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996;7(3):513-518.
Kromhout D, Bosschieter EB, de Lezenne Coulander C. The inverse relation between fish consumption and 20-year mortality from coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 1985;312(19):1205-1209.
Mantzioris E, James MJ, Gibson RA, Cleland LG. Dietary substitution with an alpha-linolenic acid-rich vegetable oil increases eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations in tissues. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59(6):1304-1309.
Mantzioris E, James MJ, Gibson RA, Cleland LG. Differences exist in the relationships between dietary linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids and their respective long-chain metabolites. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61(2):320-324.
Meydani M. Omega-3 fatty acids alter soluble markers of endothelial function in coronary heart disease patients. Nutr Rev. 2000;58(2 pt 1):56-59.
Meydani M. Vitamin E requirement in relation to dietary fish oil and oxidative stress in elderly. EXS. 1992;62:411-418.
Mori TA, Vandongen R, Mahanian F, Douglas A. Plasma lipid levels and platelet and neutrophil function in patients with vascular disease following fish oil and olive oil supplementation. Metab. 1992;41(10):1059-1067.
Ringer DL, Lombordo R, Wooster AD, eds. Physicians' Guide to Nutriceuticals. Omaha, Neb: Nutritional Data Resources; 1998 Robinson DR, Xu LL, Knoell CT, et al. Alleviation of autoimmune disease by n-3 fatty acids. World Rev Nutr Diet. 1994;76:95-102.
Sanders TA, Hinds A. The influence of a fish oil high in docosahexaenoic acid on plasma lipoprotein and vitamin E concentrations and haemostatic function in healthy male volunteers. Br J Nutr. 1992;68(1):163-173.
Schmidt MA. Smart Fats. Berkeley, Calif: Frog, Ltd; 1997:173-194.
Simopoulos AP. Human requirement for N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Poult Sci. 2000;79(7):961-970. Simopoulos AP, Leaf A, Salem N Jr. Workshop on the Essentiality of and Recommended Dietary Intakes for Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acids. April 7­9 1999a. International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (Issfal). Accessed at www.issfal.org.uk/adequateintakes.htm on November 10, 2000.
Simopoulos AP. Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999b;70(3 suppl):560S-569S.
Simopoulos AP. Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;54(3):438-463.
Ventura HO, Milani RV, Lavie CJ, et al. Cyclosporine-induced hypertension. Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids in patients after cardiac transplantation. Circ. 1993;88(5 pt 2):II281-II285.
Yosefy C, Viskoper JR, Laszt A, et al. The effect of fish oil on hypertension, plasma lipids and hemostasis in hypertensive, obese, dyslipidemic patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1999;61(2):83-87.
Landgraf-Leurs, M. M. C., et al., Diabetes, March 1990; 39: 369-75. Toft, I., et al., Annals of Internal Medicine, Dec. 1995; 123(12): 911-18.
Connor, W. E., Anals of Internal Medicine, Dec. 1995; 123(12): 950-51.
Integrative Medicine Communications, Access 2.0; Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Overview, 2000.

Flaxseed

Allman-Farinelli MA, Hall D, Kingham K, Pang D, Petocz P, Favaloro EJ. Comparison of the effects of two low fat diets with different alpha-linolenic acid ratios on coagulation and fibrinolysis. Atherosclerosis. 1999;142:159-168.
Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Flaxseed Oil: The king of the vegetable oils, 1998; 209-210.
Bierenbuam ML, Reichstein R, Watkins TR. Reducing atherogenic risk in hyperlipemic humans with flaxseed supplementation: a preliminary report. J Am Coll Nutr. 1993;12:501-504.
Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Boston: Integrative Medicine Communications; 1998:132.
Clark WF, Parbtani A, Hugg MW, et al. Flaxseed: a potential treatment of lupus nephritis. Kidney Int. 1995;48:475-480.
Cunnane SC, Ganguli S, Menard C, et al. High alpha-linolenic acid flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum): some nutritional properties in humans. Br J Nutr. 1993;69:443-453.
Cunnane SC, Hamadeh MJ, Liede AC, Thompson LU, Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ. Nutritional attributes of traditional flaxseed in healthy-young adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61:62-68.
Das UN, Madhavi N, Sravan KG, Padma M, Sangeetha P. Can tumor cell drug resistance be reversed by essential fatty acids and their metabolites? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1998;58:39-54.
Dox IG, Melloni BJ, Eisner GM. The HarperCollins Illustrated Medical Dictionary. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers; 1993.
Gerster H. Can adults adequately convert alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1998;68:159-173.
Harris WS. N-3 fatty acids and serum lipoproteins: human studies. Am J Clin Nutr. May 1997;65(suppl 5):1645S-1654S.
Heller A, Koch T, Schmeck J, Van Ackern K. Lipid mediators in inflammatory disorders. Drugs. 1998;55:487-496.
Ingram AJ, Parbtani A, Clark WF, et al. Effects of flax oil diets in a rat-5/6 renal ablation model. Am J Kidney Dis. 1995;25:320-329.
Integrative Medicine Communications, Access 2.0; Flaxseed, Overview, 2000.
Kaminskas A, Levaciov, Lupinovic V, Kuchinskene Z. The effect of linseed oil on the fatty acid composition of blood plasma low- and very low-density lipoproteins and cholesterol in diabetics [in Russian]. Vopr Pitan. 1992;5-6:13-14.
Leece EA, Allman MA. The relationships between dietary alpha-linolenic: linoleic acid and rat platelet eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids. Br J Nutr. 1996;76:447-452.
Mantzioris E, James MJ, Gibson RA, Cleland LG. Differences exist in the relationships between dietary linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids and their respective long-chain metabolites. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61:320-324.
Mayser P, Mrowietz U, Arenberger P, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid-based lipid infusion in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38:539-547.
Murray MT, Pizzorno JE. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine. 2nd ed. Rocklin, Calif: Prima Publishing; 1998.
Nestel PJ, et al. Arterial compliance in obese subjects is improved with dietary plant n-3 fatty acid from flaxseed oil despite increased LDL oxidizability. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997;17:1163-1170.
Norman AW, Litwack G. Hormones. Orlando, Fla: Academic Press, Inc; 1987.
Orten JM, Neuhaus OW, eds. Human Biochemistry. 10th ed. St. Louis, Mo: The C.V. Mosby Company; 1982.
Prasad K., Dietary flaxseed in prevention of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 1997;132:69-76.
Schmidt MA. Smart Fats: How Dietary Fats and Oils Affect Mental, Physical and Emotional Intelligence. Berkeley, Calif: Frog, Ltd; 1997.
Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 8th ed. Media, Pa: Williams and Wilkins Co; 1994:1.
Valsta LM, Salminen I, Aro A, Mutanen M. Alpha-linolenic acid in grapeseed oil partly compensates for the effect of fish restriction on plasma long chain n-3 fatty acids. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996;50:229-235.

5-HTP

Angst J, et al. The treatment of depression with L-5-hydroxytryptophan versus imipramine. Results of two open and one double-blind study. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr. 1977;224:175-186.
Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Tryptophan: The best sleeping pill not on the market, 1998; 189-191.
Bhatara VS, Magnus RD, Paul KL, et al. Serotonin syndrome induced by venlafaxine and fluoxetine: a case study in polypharmacy and potential pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic mechansims. Ann Pharmacother. 1998;32(4):432-436.
Birdsall TC. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: a clinically-effective serotonin precursor. Altern Med Rev. 1998;3:271-280.
Bodner RA,Lynch T, Lewis L, Kahn D. Serotonin syndrome. Neurol. 1995;45(2):219-223.
Byerley WF, et al. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: a review of its antidepressant efficacy and adverse effects. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1987;7:127-137.
Cangiano C, Ceci F, Cascino A, et al. Eating behavior and adherence to dietary prescriptions in obese adult subjects treated with 5-hydroxytryptophan. J Clin Nutr. 1992;56:863-867.
Cangiano C, et al. Effects of oral 5-hydroxy-tryptophan on energy intake and macronutrient selection in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998; 22:648-654.
Caruso I, Sarzi Puttini P, Cazzola M, et al. Double-blind study of 5-hydroxytryptophan versus placebo in the treatment of primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Int Med Res. 1990;18:201-209.
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Folic Acid

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Folic Acid: Our most significant deficiency, 1998; 67-72.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Folate, 19.
Bendich A, Deckelbaum R, eds. Prevention Nutrition: The Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 1997.
Boers, G. H. J., Netherlands Journal of Medicine, 1994; 45: 34-41.
Bronstrup A, Hages M, Prniz-Langenohl R, Pietrzik K. Effects of folic acid and combinations of folic acid and vitamin B12 on plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy, young women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;68:1104-1110.
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Cancers, Nutrition and Food. Washington, DC: World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research; 1997.
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Morgan SL, Baggott JE, Lee JY, Alarcon GS. Folic acid supplementation prevents deficient blood folate levels and hyperhomocysteinemia during long-term, low-dose methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: implications for cardiovascular disease prevention. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:441-446.
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Murray MT. Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements. Rocklin, Calif: Prima Health; 1996.
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Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB, et al. Folate and vitamin B6 from diet and supplements in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among women. JAMA. 1998;279:359-364.
Ringer D, ed. Physicians' Guide to Nutriaceuticals. St. Joseph, Mich: Nutritional Data Resources; 1998.
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The MRC Vitamin Study Research Group, Lancet, July 20, 1991; 338: 131-37.
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Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA)

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA): The perfect tranquilizer, 1998; 176-178.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, 46-47.
Barney, Paul, Doctor's Guide to Natural Medicine, 1998; 42.
Braverman, E.R., with C.C. Pfeiffer, The Healing Nutrients Within, 1987; New Canaan, Conn.: Keats Publishing, 198-200, 417.
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Petty, F., et al., Biological Psychiatry, 1995; 38(9): 578-91.

Germanium

Asai, K., Miracle Cure: Ogranic Germanium, 1980; Tokyo: Japan Publications, Inc.
Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Germanium; 1998; 160-161.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; Germanium; 2000; 28.
Goodman, S., Medical Hypotheses, 1988; 26(3): 207-15.
Hess, B., et al., American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 1993; 21(5): 548-52.
Kidd, P., International Clinical Nutrition Review, 1987; 7(1): 11-19.
Mindell, Earl; Vitamin Bible, 60. Germanium; 1991; 159. Schauss, A., Renal Failure, 1991; 13(1): 1-4.

Glucosamine

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Glucosamine: Osteoarthritis's best treatment, 1998; 272-273.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Glucosamine, 72.
Brooks, P., et al., Journal of Rheumatology, 1982; 9: 3-5.
Bucci, L., Nutrition Report, 1996; 14(1): 8.
Budavari S, O'Neil MJ, Heckelman PE, Kinneary JF, eds. The Merck Index. 12th ed. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co.; 1996:758.
D'Ambrosio E, et al. Glucosamine sulfate: a controlled clinical investigation in arthrosis. Pharmatherapeutica. 1981;2:504-508.
Deal CL, Moskowitz RW. Nutraceuticals as therapeutic agents in osteoarthritis. The role of glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and collagen hydrolysate. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1999;25:379-395.
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Leeb BF, Schweitzer H, Montaq K, Smolen JS. A metaanalysis of chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:205-211.
Leffler CT, et al. Glucosamine, chondroitin, and manganese ascorbate for degenerative joint disease of the knee or low back: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Mil Med. 1999;164:85-91.
McCarty MF. Enhanced synovial production of hyaluronic acid may explain rapid clinical response to high-dose glucosamine osteoarthritis. Med Hypothes. 1998;50:507-510.
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Setnikar I, et al. Pharmacokinetics of glucosamine in man. Arzneimettleforschung. 1993;43:1109-1113. Setnikar I. Antireactive properties of "chondroprotective" drugs. Int J Tissue React. 1992;14:253-261. Shankar RR, et al. Glucosamine infusion in rats mimics the beta-cell dysfunction of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 1998;47:573-577.
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Tapadinhas, M., et al., Pharmatherapeutica, 1982; 3(3): 157.
Zupanets IA, Drogovoz SM, Bezdetko NV, Rechkiman IE, Semenov AN. The influence of glucosamine on the antiexudative effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents [in Russian]. Farmakol Toksikol. 1991;54(2)61-63.

Glutamine

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Glutamine: Master protein builder, gut restorer, 1998; 181-184.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Glutamine, 47.
Shive, W., et al., Texas State Journal of Medicine, 1957; 53: 840-43.
Skubitz, K., et al., Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 1996; 127(2): 223-38.
Jensen, G. L., et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1996; 64: 615-21.
Goldin, E., et al., Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 1996; 31: 345-48.
Klimberg, V., et al., Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 1992; 16(6): 83S-87S.
Greig, J., et al., Medical Journal of Australia, 1995; 163(7): 385, 388.
Ziegler, T., et al., Annals of Internal Medicine, 1992; 116: 821-28.
Teran, J.C., et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1995; 62: 897-900.
Rogers, L., and R. Pelton, Quarterly Journal of Studies of Alcohol, 1957; 18(4): 581-87.
Keast, D., et al., Medical Journal of Australia, 1995: 162(1): 15-18.
Cao Y, Kennedy R, Klimberg VS. Glutamine protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. J Surg Res. 1999;85:178-182.
Castell LM, Newsholme EA. The effects of oral glutamine supplementation on athletes after prolonged, exhaustive exercise. Nutrition. 1997;13:738-742. Charland SL, Bartlett DL, Torosian MH. A significant methotrexate-glutamine pharmacokinetic interaction. Nutr. 1995;11:154-158.
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Den Hond E, Hiele M, Peeters M, Ghoos Y, Rutgeerts P. Effect of long-term oral glutamine supplements on small intestinal permeability in patients with Crohn's disease. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1999;23:7-11.
Giller R, Matthews K. Natural Prescriptions. New York, NY: Carol Southern Books/Crown Publishers; 1994.
Gottlieb B. New Choices in Natural Healing. Emmaus, Pa.: Rodale Press, Inc.; 1995.
Haas R. Eat Smart, Think Smart. New York, NY: HarperCollins; 1994.
Jebb SA, Osborne RJ, Maughan TS. 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid-induced mucositis: no effect of oral glutamine supplementation. Br J Cancer. 1994;70: 732-735.
Kirschmann G, Kirschmann J. Nutrition Almanac. 4th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 1996.
LaValle J. Natural agents for a healthy GI tract. Drug Store News. January 12, 1998;20.
Li J, Langkamp-Henken B, Suzuki K, Stahlgren LH. Glutamine prevents parenteral nutrition-induced increases in intestinal permeability. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1994;18:303-307.
Noyer CM, Simon D, Borczuk A, Brandt LJ, Lee MJ, Nehra V. A double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of glutamine therapy for abnormal intestintal permeability in patients with AIDS. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;93:972-975.
Okuno SH, Woodhouse CO, Loprinzi CL. Phase III controlled evaluation of glutamine for decreasing stomatitis in patients receiving fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Am J Clin Oncol. 1999;22:258-261.
Rouse K, Nwokedi E, Woodliff JE, et al. Glutamine enhances selectivity of chemotherapy through changes in glutathione metabolism. Ann Surg. 1995;221: 420-426.
Rubio IT, Cao Y, Hutchins LF, et al. Effect of glutamine on methotrexate efficacy and toxicity. Ann Surg. 1998;227:772-780.
Shabert JK, Wilmore DW. Glutamine deficiency as a cause of human immunodeficiency virus wasting. Med Hypotheses. March 1996; 46:252-256.
Tavares DC, Cecchi AO, Antunes LM, et al. Protective effects of the amino acid glutamine and of ascorbic acid against chromosomal damage induced by doxorubicin in mammalian cells. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1998;18:153-161.
Yoshida S, Matsui M, Shirouzu Y, Fujita H, Yamana H, Shirouzu K. Effects of glutamine supplements and radiochemotherapy on systemic immune and gut barrier function in patients with advanced esophageal cancer. Ann Surg. 1998;227:485-491.
Goodwin, F., APA Psychiatric News, Dec. 5, 1986. Napoli M. Chemo effect alleviated. Health Facts. October 1998;23:6.
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Glutathione

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Glutathione, N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC): Master antioxidants, 1998; 181-184.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Glutathione, 48.
Barney, Paul, Doctor's Guide to Natural Medicine, 1998; 42.
Millman, M., et al., Annals of Allergy, 1985; 54(4): 294-96.
Null, Gary, Ultimate Anti-Aging Program, Glutathione; 1999; 170-172.
Ruan, E., et al., Nutrition Research, 197; 17: 463-73.
Vallis, K., Lancet, 1991; 337: 918-19. Wrigley, E., British Journal of Cancer, 1996; 73(6): 763-69.

Grape Seed

Amsellem M, et al. Endotelon in the treatment of venolymphatic problems in premenstrual syndrome: multi-center study on 165 patients. Tempo Medical. 1987;282.
Ariga TK, Hamano M. Radical scavenging action and its mode in procyanidins B-1 and B-3 from azuki beans to peroxyl radicals. Agricultural Biological Chemistry. 1990;54:2499-2504.
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Blumenthal M, Riggins C. Popular Herbs in the U.S. Market: Therapeutic Monographs. Austin, Tex: American Botanical Council; 1997.
Bombardelli E, Morazzoni P. Vitis vinifera L. Fitoterapia. 1995; 66:291-317.
Chang WC, Hsu FL. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and arachidonate metabolism in platelets by procyanidins. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1989;38:181-188.
Corbe C, Boissin JP, Siou A. Light vision and chorioretinal circulation: study of the effect of procyanidolic oligomers (Endotelon) [in French]. J Fr Ophthalmol. 1988;11:453-460.
Delacrois P. Double-blind study of grape seed extract in chronic venous insufficiency. La Revue De Med. 1981;28-31.
Fromantin M. Les oligomeres procyanidoliques dans le traitement de la fragilite capillaire et de la retinopathie chez les diabetiques: a propos de 26 cas. Med Int. 1982;16.
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Kashiwada Y, et al. Antitumor agents, 129: tannins and related compounds as selective cytotoxic agents. J Nat Prod. 1992;55:1033-1043.
Lagrua G, et al. A study of the effects of procyanidol oligomers on capillary resistance in hypertension and in certain nephropathies. Sem Hop. 1981;57:1399-1401.
Maffei FR, Carini M, Aldini G, Bombardelli E, Morazzoni P, Morelli R. Free radical scavenging action and anti-enzyme activities of procyanidins from Vitis vinifera: a mechanism for their capillary protective action. Arzneimittelfarichung. May 1994; 44:592-601.
Maffei FR, Carini M, Aldini G, Bombardelli E, Morazzoni P. Sparing effect of procyanidins from Vitis vinifera on vitamin E: in vitro studies. Planta Med. 1998;64:343-347.
Masquelier J. Comparative action of various vitamin P related factors on the oxidation of ascorbic acid by cupric ions. Bull Soc Chim Biol. 1951;33:304-305.
Masquelier J. Natural products as medicinal agents. Planta Med. 1980;242S-256S.
Meunier, M.T., et al. Inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme by flavonolic compounds: in vitro and in vivo studies. Planta Med. 1987;53: 12-15.
Murray M. The Healing Power of Herbs: The Enlightened Person's Guide to the Wonders of Medicinal Plants. Rocklin, Calif: Prima Publishing; 1995.
Schulz V, Hänsel R, Tyler V. Rational Phytotherapy: A Physicians' Guide to Herbal Medicine. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1998.
Schwitters B, Masquelier J. OPC in Practice: The Hidden Story of Proanthocyanidins, Nature's Most Powerful and Patented Antioxidant. Rome: Alfa Omega Publishers; 1995.
Tebib K, et al. Dietary grape seed tannins affect lipoproteins, lipoprotein lipases, and tissue lipids in rats fed hypercholesterolemic diets. J Nutr. 1994;124:2451-2457.
Tebib K, et al. Polymeric grape seed tannins prevent plasma cholesterol changes in high-cholesterol-fed rats. Food Chem. 1994;49:403-406.
Walker M. The nutritional therapeutics of Masquelier's oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs). Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients. 1996;175/76: 84-92.
Zafirov D, Bredy-Dobreva G, Litchev V, Papasova M. Antiexudative and capillaritonic effects of procyanidines isolated from grape seeds (V. vinifera). Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg. 1990;16:50-54.

Homocysteine

Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Homocysteine, 48.
Barney, Paul, Doctor's Guide to Natural Medicine, 1998; 42.

Inositol

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Inositol: Nature's sleeping pill, 1998; 80-82.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Inositol, 19.
Benjamin, J., et al., Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 1995; 31: 167-75.
Fux, M., et al., American Journal of Psychiatry, 1996; 153: 1219-21. See also: Vadnal, r., et al., CNS Drugs, 1997; 7:6-16.
Hallman, M., et al., New England Journal of Medicine, May 7, 1992; 326(19): 1233-39. See also: Levine, J., et al, American Journal of Psychiatry, 1995; 152(5): 792-94.
Salway, J., et al., Lancet, 1978; 2: 1282-84.

IP-6

Murray, Michael T., N.D., IP-6 and Inositol: Nature's Revolutionary Cancer Fighter, Vital Communications, 1999.
Sakamoto K., Vucenik I., Shamsuddin A: [3H] Phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphate) is absorbed and distributed to various tissues in rats. Journal of Nutrition 123: 713-720, 1993.
Shamsuddin A: IP-6: An anti-cancer agent and more. Natural Medicine Journal, 1:9-5, 1998.
Shamsudin A: Reduction of cell proliferation and enhancement of NK-cell activity, U.S. Patent #5,082,833; 1992.
Vucenik I., Shamsuddin A: [3H]-Inositol hexaphosphate (phystic acid) is rapidly absorbed and metabolized by murine and human malignant cells in vitro. Journal of Nutrition 124: 861-868, 1994.

Iodine

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Iodine: Thyroid Fuel; 1998; 143-144.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; Iodine; 2000; 29.
Edward, J., Manitoba Medical Review, 1954; 34(6): 337-39.
Ghent, W., and B. Eskin, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Cancer Research, 1986; 27:189.
Ghent, W., et al., Canadian Journal of Surgery, 1993; 36: 453-60. Integrative Medicine Communications, Access 2.0, Iodine: Dosage Ranges and Duration of Administration ,Overview; 2000.
Recommended Dietary Allowance. American Academy of Sciences. Accessed at www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/Dietary/rda.html on January 8, 1999. Tiwari, B., et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1996; 63(5): 782-86.
Tomlinson, R., British Medical Journal, 1995; 310(6973): 148.

Iron

Akerele JO, Okhamafe AO. Influence of oral co-administered metallic drugs on ofloxacin pharmacokinetics. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1991;28:87-94. See also: Okhamafe AO, Akerele JO, Chukuka CS. Pharmacokinetic interactions of norfloxacin with some metallic agents. Int J Pharmaceutics. 1991;68:11-16.
Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Iron: The double-edged sword; 1998; 128-131.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; Iron; 2000; 29.
Balfour JA, Wiseman LR. Moxifloxacin. Drugs. 1999;57(3):363-374. See also: Brouwers J. Drug interactions with quinolone antibacterials. Drug Safety. 1992;7(4):268-281. See also: Campbell NR, Hasinoff BB. Iron supplements: a common cause of drug interactions. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;31(3):251-255.
Beard, J.L., et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1990; 52:813-19.
Bruner, a., et al., Lancet, 1996; 348: 992-96.
Campbell NR, Hasinoff BB, Meddings JB, Anderson WD, Robertson S, Granberg K. Ferrous sulfate reduces cimetidine absorption. Dig Dis Sci. 1993;38(5):950-954.
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Hines Burnham T, et al, eds. Drug Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO:Facts and Comparisons;2000:1294. See also: Neuvonen PJ. Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines. Drugs. 1976;11(1):45-54.
Hines Burnham T, et al, eds. Drug Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO:Facts and Comparisons;2000:1294.
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Kara M, Hasinoff BB, McKay DW, et al. Clinical and chemical interactions between iron preparations and ciprofloxacin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;31(3):257-261. See also: Li RC, Lo KN, Lam JS, et al. Effects of order of magnesium exposure on the postantibiotic effect and bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin. J Chemother. 1999;11(4):243-247.
Leonard JP, Desager JP, Beckers C, Harvengt C. In vitro binding of various biological substances by two hypocholesterolaemic resins. Cholestyramine and colestipol. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res. 1979;29:979-981.
Mindell, Earl; Vitamin Bible, 57. Iron; 1991; 79.
Neuvonen PJ. Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines. Drugs. 1976;11(1):45-54.
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Recommended Dietary Allowance. American Academy of Sciences. Accessed at www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/Dietary/rda.html on January 8, 1999.
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Lysine

Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Lysine, 49.
Bruzzese N, Sica G, Iacopino F, et al. Growth inhibition of fibroblasts from nasal polyps and normal skin by lysine acetylsalicylate. Allergy. 1998;53:431-434.
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Flodin NW. The metabolic roles, pharmacology, and toxicology of lysine. J Am Coll Nutr. 1997;16:7-21.
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Hugues FC, Lacoste JP, Danchot J, Joire JE. Repeated doses of combined oral lysine acetylsalicylate and metoclopramide in the acute treatment of migraine. Headache. 1997;37:452-454.
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Werbach MR. Nutritional Influences on Illness. 2nd ed. Tarzana, Calif: Third Line Press; 1993:159-160, 384, 434, 494-495, 506, 580, 613-614, 636.

Magnesium

Abraham, G., et al., Journal of Nutritional Medicine, 1991; 2:165-78. Abraham, G., et al., Journal of Nutritional Medicine, 1991; 3: 49-58.
Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Magnesium: The heart's most important mineral; 1998; 120-123.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Magnesium, 30.
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Integrative Medicine Communications, Access 2.0, 2000; Magnesium, Overview. Digoxin.
Kara M, Hasinoff BB, McKay DW, et al. Clinical and chemical interactions between iron preparations and ciprofloxacin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;31(3):257-261. See also: Li RC, Lo KN, Lam JS, et al. Effects of order of magnesium exposure on the postantibiotic effect and bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin. J Chemother. 1999;11(4):24324-7.
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Kisters, K., et al, Trace Elements and Electrolytes, 1995; 12(4): 169-72.
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Zarcone, R., et al., Panminerva Medica, Dec. 1994; 36(4): 168-70.

Manganese

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Manganese: The cell protector; 1998; 141-142.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; Manganese; 2000; 30-31.
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Mindell, Earl; Vitamin Bible, 59. Manganese; 1991; 84.
Rubenstein, A. H., et al., Nature, 1962; 194: 188-89.

Melatonin

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Melatonin: The mystery of the pineal, 1998; 281-285.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Melatonin, 56.
Croughs, R., et al., Netherlands Journal of Medicine, 1996; 49: 164-66.
Dagan Y, Zisapel N, Nof D, et al. Rapid reversal of tolerance to benzodiazepine hypnotics by treatment with oral melatonin: a case report. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1997;7(2):157-160.
Ferini-Strambi L, Zucconi M, Biella G, et al. Effect of melatonin on sleep microstructure: preliminary results in healthy subjects. Sleep. 1993;16(8):744-747.
Garfinkel, D., Lancet, 1995; 346(8974): 541-44.
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Lissoni P, Barni S, Meregalli S, et al. Modulation of cancer endocrine therapy by melatonin: a phase II study of tamoxifen plus melatonin in metastic breast cancer patients progressing under tamoxifen alone. Br J Cancer. 1995A;71(4):854-856.
Lissoni P, Paolorossi F, Tancini G, et al. A phase II study of tamoxifen plus melatonin in metastic solid tumour patients. Br J Cancer. 1996;74(9):1466-1468.
Lissoni, P, Vigore L, Rescaldani R, et al. Neuroimmunotherapy with low-dose subcutaneous interleukin-2 plus melatonin in AIDS patients with CD4 cell number below 200/mm3: a biological phase-II study. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 1995B;9:155-158.
MacIntosh A. Melatonin: clinical monograph. Q Rev Nat Med. 1996;47-60.
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Petrie K, Conaglen JV, Thompson L, Chamberlain K. Effect of melatonin on jet lag after long haul flights. BMJ. 1989;298:705-707.
Petrie, K., et al., Biological Psychiatry, 1993; 33(7): 526-30.
Rosenfeld I. Dr. Rosenfeld's Guide to Alternative Medicine. New York, NY: Random House; 1996.
Tzischinsky O, Lavie P. Melatonin possesses time-dependent hypnotic effects. Sleep. 1994;17:638-645.
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Weekley LB. Melatonin-induced relaxation of rat aorta: Interaction with adrenergic agonists. J. Pineal Res. 1991;11:28-34.
Wurtman, R.J., et al., Lancet, Dec. 2, 1995; 346: 1491.
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Zhdanova IV, Wurtman RJ, Morabito C, Piotrovska VR, Lynch HJ. Effects of low oral doses of melatonin, given 2-4 hours before habitual bedtime, on sleep in normal young humans. Sleep. 1996;19:423-431.

Methionine, SAMe

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Methionine: Antidepressant, liver helper, 1998; 178-180.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Methionine, 49.
Battle AM, et al. Two cases of infantile porphyria cutanea tarda: successful treatment with oral S-adenosyl-L-methionine and low-dose oral chloroquine. Br J Dermatol. 1987;116:407-415.
Bell KM, et al. S-adenosylmethionine blood levels in major depression: changes with drug treatment. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 1994;154:15-8.
Berlanga C, Ortega-Soto HA, Ontiveros M, Senties H. Efficacy of S-adeno-L-methionine in speeding the onset of action of imipramine. Psychiatry Res. 1992;44(3):257-262.
Bray GP, Tredger JM, Williams R. S-adenosylmethionine protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in two mouse models. Hepatotol. 1992;15(2):297-301.
Bressa GM. S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) as antidepressant: meta-analysis of clinical studies. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 1994;154:7-14.
Carney MW, et al. The switch mechanism and the bipolar/unipolar dichotomy. Br J Psychiatry. 1989;154:48-51.
Cheng H, et al. Levels of L-methionine S-adenosyltransferase activity in erythrocytes and concentrations of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in whole blood of patients with Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol. 1997;145(2 Pt 1):580-585.
Cohen BM, et al. S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1988;8:43-47.
Coltorti M, et al. A review of the studies on the clinical use of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for the symptomatic treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1990;12:69-78.
Cooney CA, Wise CK, Poirer LA, Ali SF Methylamphetamine treatment affects blood and liver S-adenosylmethionine (Sam) in mice. Correlation with dopamine depletion in the striatum. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998;844:191-200.
Gatto G, et al. Analgesizing effect of a methyl donor (S-adenosylmethionine) in migraine: an open clinical trial. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1986;6:15-17.
Glorioso S, et al. Double-blind multicentre study of the activity of S-adenosylmethionine in hip and knee osteoarthritis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1985;5:39-49.
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Jacobsen S, et al. Oral S-adenosylmethionine in primary fibromyalgia. Double-blind clinical evaulation. Scand J Rheumatol. 1991;20:294-302.
Konig B. A long term (two years) clinical trial with S-adenosylmethionine for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Am J Med. 1987; 83(5A):89-94.
Laudanno GM. Cytoprotective effect of S-adenosylmethionine compared with that of misoprostol against ethanol-, aspirin-, and stress-induced gastric damage. Am J Med. Nov 20, 1987; 83(5A):43-47.
Loehrer FM, et al. Influence or oral S-adenosylmethionine on plasma 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, S-adenosylhomocysteine, homocysteine and methionine in healthy humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997; 282:845-850.
Mato JM, et al. S-adenosylmethionine in alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial. J Hepatol. 1999; 30:1081-1089.
Mitchell D. The SAM-e Solution. New York, NY: Warner Books, Inc; 1999:13-16.
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Pezzoli C, et al. Lack of mutagenic activity of ademetionine in vitro and in vivo. Arzneimittelforschung. 1987; 37:826-829.
Shekim WO, et al. S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) in adults with ADHD, RS: preliminary results from an open trial. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1990; 26(2):249-253.
Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 8th ed. Media, Pa: Williams & Wilkins; 1994:89,92-98.
Vendemiale G, et al. Effects of oral S-adenosylmethionine on hepatic glutathione in patients with liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1989; 24:407-415.

MSM

Balch J, Balch P. Prescription for Nutritional Healing. 2nd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 1997.
Eades MD. The Doctor's Complete Guide to Vitamins and Minerals. New York, NY: Dell Publishing; 1994.
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Rossi A, Kaitila I, Wilcox WR, et al. Proteoglycan sulfation in cartilage and cell cultures from patients with sulfate transporter chondrodysplasias: relationship to clinical severity and indications on the role of intracellular sulfate production. Matrix Biol. 1998;17:361-369.
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Smith SM, McDonald A, Webb D. Complete Book of Vitamins and Minerals. Lincolnwood, Ill: Publications International, Ltd; 1998.
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The Mineral Connection website. MSM, Biologicial Sulfur supplements. Accessed at www.mineralconnection.com/msm.htm on March 5, 1999.
Weiner M. The Complete Book of Homeopathy. New York, NY: MJF Books; 1989.
Werbach MR. Nutritional Influences on Illness: A Sourcebook of Clinical Research. New Canaan, Conn: Keats Publishing, Inc; 1988.

Molybdenum

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Molybdenum: Detoxifier, purifier; 1998; 156.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; Molybdenum; 2000; 31.
Mindell, Earl; Vitamin Bible, 60. Molybdenum: Toxicity; 1991; 84-85.
Moss, M., Journal of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, 1995; 5(1): 55-61.
Slot, H., et al., Neuropediatrics, 1993; 24(3) 139-42.
Wright, L., et al., International Clinical Nutrition Review, 1989;9:118-19.

NADH

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, NADH: the cell energizer, 1998; 266-269.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH,) 56.
Birkmayer, J., Annals of Clinical and Lab Science, 1996; 26: 1-9.
Birkmayer, J., et al., Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 1993; 87(146): 32-35. Birkmayer, J., New Trends in Clinical Neuropharmacology, 1992; 1-7.
Vrecko, K., et al., Journal of Neural Transmission, 1993; 5: 147-56.

PABA (Para-aminobenzoic acid)

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, PABA (Para-Aminobenzoic Acid): Energizer, stiffness fighter, 1998; 87-88.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Para-Aminobenzoic Acid (PABA) 20.
Hughes, C., Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1983; 9:770. Mindell, Earl; Vitamin Bible, PABA (Para-aminobenzoic Acid): Supplements;1991; 49.
Sagone, A., et al., Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 1993; 14(1): 27-45.
Zarafonetis, C., et al., Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 1988; 193-204.

Phenylalanine

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Phenylalanine: Be happy, feel no pain, 1998; 178-180.
Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; 2000; Phenylalanine, 50.
Bugard P, Bremer HJ, Buhrdel P, et al. Rationale for the German recommendations for phenylalanine level control in phenylketonuria 1997. Eur J Pediatr. 1999; 158:46-54.
Cejudo-Ferragud E, Nacher A, Polache A, Cercos-Fortea T, Merino M, Casabo VG. Evidence of competitive inhibition for the intestinal absorption of baclofen by phenylalanine, Int J of Pharm (Amsterdam). 1996; 132:63-69.
Doudet D, McLellan CA, Aigner TG, Wyatt RJ, Cohen RM. Delayed L-phenylalanine infusion allows for simultaneous kinetic analysis and improved evaluation of specific-to-non-specific fluorine-18-DOPA uptake in brain. J of Nucl Med. 1992;33(7):1383-1389.
Ensminger AH, Ensminger ME, Konlande JE, Robson JRK. Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, Inc; 1994:60-64, 1748.
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Haas EM. Staying Healthy with Nutrition. Berkeley, Calif: Celestial Arts Publishing; 1992. Herbert V, Subak-Sharpe GJ, eds. Total Nutrition (Mount Sinai School of Medicine). New York, NY: St. Martin's Press; 1995:318-320.
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Newstrom H. Nutrients Catalog. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co; 1993:303-312.
Pietz J, Dunckelmann R, Rupp A, et al. Neurological outcome in adult patients with early-treated phenylketonuria. Eur J Pediatr. 1998;157:824-830.
Pietz J. Neurological aspects of adult phenylketonuria. Curr Opin Neurol. 1998;11:679-688.
Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; 1999:41, 1010.
Start K. Treating phenylketonuria by a phenylalanine-free diet. Prof Care Mother Child. 1998;8:109-110.
Werbach MR. Nutritional Influences on Illness. 2nd ed. Tarzana, Calif: Third Line Press; 1993:159-160, 384, 434, 494-495, 506, 580, 613-614, 636.
Woodward, WR, Olanow CW, Beckner Rm et al. The effect of L-dopa infusions with and without phenylalanine challenges in parkinsonian patients. Neurol. 1998; 48:1704-1708.

Phosphatidyl Serine

Atkins, Robert C., Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Phosphatidyl Serine: The smart nutrient, 1998; 253-255.
Crook, T., et al., Neurology, 1991; 41: 644-49.

Phosphorus

Balch, Phyllis A., Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 3rd ed. Garden City, NY: Avery Publishing Group; Phosphorus; 2000; 31.
Integrative Medicine Communications, Access 2.0, Phosphorus, Overview; 2000.
Recommended Dietary Allowance. American Academy of Sciences. Accessed at www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/Dietary/rda.html on January 8, 1999.

Potassium

Alappan R, Perazella MA, Buller GK, et al. Hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124(3):316-320. See also: Perazella MA. Trimethoprim-induced hyperkalemia: clinical data, mechanism, prevention and management. Drug Saf. 2000;22(3):227-236.
Alappan R, Perazella MA, Buller GK, et al. Hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124(3):316-320.
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